Age-Related Eye Health

Also known asMacular Degeneration · AMD · Age-related Macular Degeneration · Cataract · Cataracts · Eye Ageing · 黄斑变性 · 白内障 · 老年性黄斑变性

What it is

Two common causes of vision loss in older adults are cataract, a clouding of the lens, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), damage to the central part of the retina that blurs or distorts the centre of vision. Glaucoma and dry eye are also more common with age.

Age, smoking, family history, UV light, diabetes and high blood pressure all raise the risk.

How food and lifestyle can help

A diet rich in vegetables, fruit, fish and olive oil, as in the Mediterranean pattern, is linked in studies to a lower risk of AMD progressing. Stopping smoking, controlling blood pressure and diabetes, and wearing UV-blocking sunglasses help protect the lens and retina.

Foods and nutrients to focus on

1. Dark leafy greens and brightly coloured vegetables (vegetables).
2. Oily fish twice a week (omega-3) and nuts.
3. Fruit rich in vitamin C, and foods with vitamin E and zinc.

Foods and drinks to limit

1. Smoking.
2. A diet high in processed foods and refined carbohydrates.

Good to know

1. A specific supplement formula (called AREDS2: vitamins C and E, zinc, copper, lutein and zeaxanthin) slows progression only in people who already have intermediate or advanced AMD, and only on an eye specialist's advice. It does not prevent AMD, and no supplement has been shown to prevent cataract.
2. Beta-carotene supplements are not advised for smokers.
3. Regular eye tests detect glaucoma and early AMD before you notice them.

When to see a doctor

1. Straight lines looking wavy or distorted, a blurry or dark spot in the centre of vision, or sudden changes: see an eye specialist urgently.
2. Cloudy, dim or glare-affected vision that is affecting daily life, which may be a cataract.
3. An eye test is due, especially over 60 or with a family history.

This page is general information, not medical advice. If you have a medical condition or take medicines, check changes to your diet with your doctor or a registered dietitian.

NHS — Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), used for the main facts: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd/